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The United States Customs District of Salem and Beverly was an administrative area for the collection of import duties on foreign goods that entered the United States by ship at the ports of Salem and Beverly. Established in 1789, it was abolished in 1913. Today the ports of Salem and Beverly are serviced by the Port of Gloucester (located at the Cummings Center in Beverly), which is administered by the Boston Customs District.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/toolbox/contacts/ports/ma/0408.xml )〕 ==History== The District of Salem and Beverly was established in the fifth statute passed by the First Congress in 1789 (ch.5, ). This act provided for the collection of the duties that had been laid down in the Hamilton Tariff earlier that year. The towns of Salem and Beverly were designated as one port of entry for customs purposes. The towns of Danvers and Ipswich were designated as ports of delivery only. The district extended to all shores and waters within the towns of Ipswich, Beverly, Salem and Danvers. A collector, naval officer and surveyor were appointed to the district to reside at Salem, which was the location of the Customs House for the district. Surveyors were appointed to reside at each of the towns of Beverly and Ipswich.〔(A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875 )〕 In 1790, Salem was the sixth largest city in the country and a major seaport.〔(Salem Massachusetts - Martime Heritage Introduction )〕 In 1796, the district was reorganised, with Ipswich created as a district in its own right.〔(A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875 )〕 Through the 19th century, Salem declined as a sea port, being seriously affected by the trade embargo with Great Britain. This fact was reflected in 1865, when the posts of surveyor at Beverly and naval officer at Salem were abolished, leaving the collector and surveyor at Salem as the only appointed officers.〔(A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875 )〕 The post of surveyor was abolished ten years later in 1875. A collector remained at Salem Custom House until 1913, when Salem lost its status as a separate district and became a port of entry only.〔http://www.nps.gov/sama/historyculture/upload/Vol2no2officers.pdf〕 Nathaniel Hawthorne worked in the Custom House as surveyor for Salem from 1846–1849, and the introduction to his famous novel ''The Scarlet Letter'' is set there.〔http://www.nps.gov/sama/historyculture/upload/vol6no5tangled%20web.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States Customs District of Salem and Beverly」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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